Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.
Phidias created a seated chryselephantine statue of Zeus about 12 metres high, later counted among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; it was destroyed in the fifth century AD.
A short-lived religious and artistic revolution centred on the Aten, reversed under Tutankhamun and Horemheb, after which Akhenaten was erased from official memory.
A temple tower about 90 metres square at the base, completed under Nebuchadnezzar II, later dismantled; it is widely seen as the historical background to the biblical Tower of Babel.
A Neolithic culture of millet farmers whose painted pottery and early metalwork shaped north-western China before the Bronze Age.
A mobile herding culture whose descendants spread across much of Europe and Asia, leaving a lasting genetic legacy and probably carrying Indo-European languages.
Star Carr became the best-known Mesolithic site in Britain and one of the most important in Europe for understanding life after the last Ice Age.
Humans spread from Beringia throughout the Americas before the end of the last Ice Age, reaching southern Chile by about 14,500 years ago.
Dunkleosteus became one of the best-known early vertebrate predators; it and all other placoderms died out by the end of the Devonian.
Japanese victory; about 80,000 British, Indian and Australian troops surrendered on Singapore, and the island was occupied until September 1945.
The Allies drove the German army out of most of occupied France, broke the Hindenburg Line and forced Germany to ask for the armistice of 11 November 1918.
Mahdist victory; Khartoum fell on 26 January 1885, Gordon was killed and the British relief expedition withdrew.
Lincoln's two-minute dedication speech redefined the Civil War as a struggle for equality and democratic government and became one of the most celebrated speeches in history.
