All Articles

Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.

Baybars: Mamluk Sultan and Conqueror of Crusader Castles

Baybars consolidated the Mamluk Sultanate, took many crusader strongholds and held the Mongols at the Euphrates.

Sultan 1260-1277 · 6 min read

Decisive English victory; much of the French nobility was killed or captured, opening the way for Henry V's conquest of Normandy.

25 October 1415 · 8 min read

The villa became the largest Roman imperial residence known and, after its rediscovery, a major source of ancient sculpture and architectural ideas.

c. AD 118-138 · 6 min read

Aristarchus' heliocentric model was rejected in antiquity, but it was later recognised as an early anticipation of Copernicus.

c. 270 BC · 4 min read

Decisive US victory; Japan lost three carriers and most of its carrier aircraft and aircrews, and the Marianas were secured.

June 1944 · 6 min read

Germany topped the medal table and won a propaganda success, while Jesse Owens' four gold medals became the Games' most famous story.

1936 · 6 min read

Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty, expelled the Yuan court from China and built an autocratic state that lasted until 1644.

1368 · 8 min read

Decisive Mamluk victory; the Mongol commander Kitbuqa was killed and Mongol rule in Syria collapsed.

3 September 1260 · 8 min read

The revolt briefly made Owain master of most of Wales but was crushed by 1409; Owain disappeared and became a Welsh national hero.

1400 · 6 min read

The column became Trajan's tomb monument and the most detailed surviving visual record of a Roman military campaign.

AD 113 · 6 min read

The statue stood for about 54 years before an earthquake broke it; its ruins lay on the ground for some 800 years.

c. 280 BC · 6 min read

Decisive Allied victory; the Imperial Japanese Navy lost most of its remaining strength and could no longer fight as a fleet.

October 1944 · 6 min read