Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.
The earthquake and fires destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed an estimated 3,000 or more people; the city was rebuilt and the event founded modern earthquake science in the United States.
About 568 people were killed, thousands of homes and St Michael's Cathedral were destroyed, and Coventry became a symbol of destruction and later of reconciliation.
Tactically inconclusive with heavier British losses, but Britain kept control of the North Sea and the German fleet stayed largely in port.
Jhansi fell to British forces in April 1858, and the Rani was killed in battle near Gwalior on 17 or 18 June 1858.
Decisive Texian victory; Santa Anna was captured and signed the Treaties of Velasco, and the Republic of Texas secured its independence.
Singer's design became the most successful sewing machine of the nineteenth century, and his company pioneered patent pooling, mass marketing and instalment sales.
Tactical French victory; the Russian army withdrew intact, and Napoleon occupied Moscow a week later.
Norse Greenlanders explored and briefly settled parts of North America about five centuries before Columbus, but did not establish a lasting colony.
Eleven monolithic and semi-monolithic churches were carved from living rock, creating a sacred landscape that is still a major Ethiopian Orthodox pilgrimage centre.
Ta Prohm became one of the largest temple-monasteries of Angkor and, left largely to the forest, its most famous romantic ruin.
After about ninety years of work, a 71-metre seated Maitreya Buddha was completed in 803; it remains the largest premodern stone statue in the world.
Abd al-Rahman I made al-Andalus an independent Umayyad emirate, ruled by his dynasty from Córdoba until 1031.
