Contemporary
Kargil War 1999: India and Pakistan Fight in the Mountains
Indian forces recaptured most of the occupied heights and Pakistan withdrew under international pressure; the Line of Control was restored.
All Articles
Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.
Contemporary
INF Treaty (1987): Eliminating Intermediate-Range Missiles
The United States and the Soviet Union destroyed 2,692 missiles by June 1991, eliminating an entire class of nuclear weapons under on-site inspection.
Ancient World
Battle of Mons Graupius (AD 83): Agricola in Caledonia
Roman victory over a Caledonian confederacy, but Rome did not permanently occupy the far north of Britain.
Ancient World
Wars of the Diadochi (322-281 BC): Alexander's Generals at War
Alexander's empire broke apart permanently; the Ptolemaic, Seleucid and Antigonid dynasties emerged as the main Hellenistic kingdoms.
Modern Era
Battle of Monte Cassino (1944): Breaking the Gustav Line
Allied victory after four battles: the Gustav Line was broken in May 1944, opening the road to Rome, at a heavy cost in lives and the destruction of the abbey.
Modern Era
Reichstag Fire (1933): The Blaze That Helped Hitler Seize Power
The Reichstag Fire Decree of 28 February 1933 suspended basic rights, enabling mass arrests of Communists and paving the way for the Nazi dictatorship.
Modern Era
Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911) in Qajar Iran
Iran gained a written constitution and an elected Majlis, but Russian and British intervention closed parliament in 1911.
Modern Era
Lindbergh's Transatlantic Flight (1927): Spirit of St. Louis
Lindbergh completed the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight, won the $25,000 Orteig Prize and became a world celebrity.
Modern Era
First Irish Home Rule Bill (1886): Gladstone and Parnell
The bill was defeated at its second reading by 343 votes to 313, splitting the Liberal Party and bringing the Conservatives back to power.
Middle Ages
Wen Tianxiang: The Song Loyalist Executed by Kublai (1283)
Wen Tianxiang was executed after refusing office under the Yuan and became China's best-known symbol of loyalty.
Middle Ages
Fifth Crusade (1217-1221): The Siege of Damietta in Egypt
Crusader failure; Damietta was returned to the Ayyubids in 1221 in exchange for the crusaders' safe withdrawal and an eight-year truce.
Middle Ages
Treaty of Stralsund (1370): The Hanseatic League Defeats Denmark
Denmark confirmed the towns' trading privileges, handed over four Scanian fortresses for fifteen years and accepted Hanseatic influence over the royal succession.