Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.
The sanctuary was used for about six centuries until Rome destroyed Carthage; most scholars now think at least some of its burials were sacrifices, though the question is still debated.
The Tao Te Ching became the founding text of Daoist philosophy and religion and one of the most translated books in the world.
A major city of Gandhara for about a thousand years, later abandoned; its ruins were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.
Roman victory; Carthage gave up Sicily and paid a large indemnity, and Sicily became Rome's first overseas province.
The Greeks created the first alphabet with regular signs for vowels, which became the ancestor of the Latin, Cyrillic and many other scripts.
The surviving fragments preserve the oldest known year-by-year royal annals of Egypt, a key source for early Egyptian chronology.
Shulgi turned the kingdom founded by his father into a centralised state with standard measures, a vast bureaucracy and a deified king.
One of the oldest and best-studied Neolithic circular enclosures in Europe, now partly reconstructed as an open-air monument.
Over roughly 2,500 years farming replaced foraging across most of Europe, largely carried by migrant farmers of Anatolian ancestry who gradually mixed with local hunter-gatherers.
Discovered in 1994, the cave pushed the known age of sophisticated painted cave art back to more than 30,000 years and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.
Zhoukoudian yielded remains of about 40 Homo erectus individuals, but almost all the original fossils disappeared in December 1941 and have never been found.
An isolated mammoth population persisted for about 6,000 years after its island was cut off, then died out around 4,000 years ago for reasons that are still debated.
