Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.
The Beagle completed its hydrographic survey and a chain of measurements around the globe, while Darwin's collections and observations led him to the idea of evolution by natural selection.
Decisive British victory; the Franco-Spanish fleet lost 22 ships and Britain secured naval supremacy for a century.
Uxmal became the dominant city of the Puuc region and produced some of the finest architecture of the Maya world before it declined in the 10th century.
Excavations revealed hundreds of finely cast leaded-bronze objects, rewriting the history of metalworking and trade in West Africa.
The Chandelas created a group of Hindu and Jain temples, about 25 of which survive, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Li Shimin killed the crown prince and another brother, was named heir within days and took the throne as Emperor Taizong two months later.
Egypt passed from the Byzantine Empire to the Rashidun caliphate; a Byzantine attempt to retake Alexandria in 645–646 failed.
The 'New Monastery' became the head of the Cistercian Order, which grew to hundreds of abbeys across Europe within a century.
Gregory strengthened papal leadership in Rome and the West and left writings that became standard reading for the medieval church.
Byzantine victory after near-collapse; Persia returned its conquests, but both empires were exhausted on the eve of the Arab conquests.
Five years of rule by a Lord Protector that ended with Richard Cromwell's resignation in May 1659 and paved the way for the Restoration of 1660.
Portugal gained a permanent base in West Central Africa, which became the capital of colonial Angola and a leading port of the Atlantic slave trade.
