Modern Era
White Rose Resistance (1942–1943): Sophie and Hans Scholl
The core members were arrested in February 1943; six were executed in 1943 and the group was destroyed, but its last leaflet was later dropped over Germany by the RAF.
All Articles
Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.
Modern Era
Battle of Warsaw (1920): Poland Halts the Red Army on the Vistula
Decisive Polish victory; the Soviet Western Front was destroyed and the war ended with the Peace of Riga in March 1921.
Modern Era
Second Boer War (1899-1902): Britain Against the Boer Republics
British victory; the two Boer republics were annexed and later joined the Union of South Africa in 1910.
Modern Era
War of the Pacific (1879-1884): Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Nitrate
Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia, annexing the nitrate provinces of Tarapacá and Antofagasta; Bolivia lost its entire Pacific coastline.
Modern Era
Marie and Pierre Curie Discover Radium and Polonium (1898)
The Curies announced two new radioactive elements, polonium in July and radium in December 1898, establishing radioactivity as a property of atoms.
Middle Ages
Karakorum (1235): The Capital of the Mongol Empire
Karakorum served as the Mongol imperial capital until about 1260, declined after Kublai moved his court to China, and was destroyed by a Ming army in 1388.
Middle Ages
Fall of Edessa (1144): Zengi Takes the First Crusader State
Zengi captured Edessa after a four-week siege, destroying the core of the County of Edessa and prompting the Second Crusade.
Middle Ages
Battle of Morgarten (1315): Swiss Peasants Ambush the Habsburgs
Victory for Schwyz and its allies; the Habsburg army was routed and the alliance of the forest cantons was renewed at Brunnen.
Middle Ages
Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum and the Danelaw (c. 886)
A boundary and legal settlement between Alfred's English kingdom and Guthrum's Danish kingdom of East Anglia; the regions under Scandinavian rule later became known as the Danelaw.
Middle Ages
Battle of Kosovo (1389): Prince Lazar and Sultan Murad I Fall
Tactically inconclusive with heavy losses on both sides and both rulers killed, but Serbia was left exhausted and soon became an Ottoman vassal.
Early Modern
Great Fear (1789): Panic and Peasant Revolt in Rural France
The panic and peasant attacks on manor houses led the National Assembly to announce the abolition of the feudal system on 4 August 1789.
Early Modern
Battle of Kings Mountain (1780): Patriot Militia Turn the South
Patriot victory; Ferguson was killed and almost his entire Loyalist force was killed, wounded or captured, halting Cornwallis's first invasion of North Carolina.