Middle Ages
Battle of Dorylaeum (1097): The First Crusade in Anatolia
Crusader victory; Kilij Arslan's army was routed and the crusaders could cross Anatolia towards Syria.
All Articles
Every Chronicle article on world history, newest first: battles, empires, disasters, discoveries and revolutions.
Middle Ages
Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel: Frescoes That Changed Painting
A complete fresco cycle that became a landmark in the move towards naturalistic Renaissance painting.
Middle Ages
Martyrdom of King Edmund of East Anglia (869)
Edmund was killed and East Anglia fell to the Danes; he was soon venerated as a martyr, and his shrine grew into the abbey of Bury St Edmunds.
Middle Ages
Casimir III the Great: The King Who Rebuilt Poland, 1333–1370
Casimir left Poland larger, richer, better fortified and governed by written law; as the last Piast king, he was succeeded by his nephew Louis I of Hungary.
Early Modern
Calabrian Earthquakes (1783): Disaster in Southern Italy
A sequence of five major shocks destroyed some 180 towns and villages and killed an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 people.
Early Modern
Valley Forge (1777–1778): The Continental Army's Hard Winter
The army survived severe shortages and disease, losing around 1,700–2,000 men, and emerged better trained and organised in June 1778.
Early Modern
British Occupation of Manila (1762-1764): Seven Years War in Asia
British forces captured Manila but never controlled the rest of the Philippines; the city was returned to Spain under the Treaty of Paris of 1763.
Early Modern
Ibrahim Muteferrika and the First Ottoman Turkish Press
The first Ottoman press run by Muslims printed 17 titles in Turkish, Arabic and Persian between 1729 and the 1740s, mainly dictionaries, histories and geographies.
Early Modern
The Iron Bridge (1779): Coalbrookdale and the Age of Iron
The world's first major bridge built of cast iron opened to traffic on 1 January 1781 and became a symbol of the Industrial Revolution.
Early Modern
Gunpowder Plot (1605): Guy Fawkes and the Plan to Kill James I
The plot failed; its leaders were killed or executed, anti-Catholic laws were tightened, and 5 November became a national day of thanksgiving.
Early Modern
Willoughby and Chancellor Voyage (1553): England Reaches Russia
Willoughby and the crews of two ships died on the Kola Peninsula, but Chancellor reached Moscow, leading to the founding of the Muscovy Company in 1555.
Contemporary
Chilean Miners Rescue (2010): 69 Days Underground at San José
All 33 trapped miners were brought to the surface alive in the Fénix 2 capsule on 12-13 October 2010.