Ancient World
Pyramid of Khafre at Giza: The Second Pyramid and Its Complex
The second-largest pyramid at Giza and the centre of a complex that includes the valley temple and the Great Sphinx.
Era · c. 3000 BC – AD 500
Ancient World
The first cities, empires and written records, from the pyramids of Egypt to Greece and the Roman Empire.
Ancient World
Khufu Ship: The 4,500-Year-Old Solar Boat of Giza
One of the oldest, largest and best-preserved ships from antiquity was recovered and reassembled; it is now displayed at the Grand Egyptian Museum.
Ancient World
Great Pyramid of Giza: Khufu's Tomb and Ancient Wonder
The largest of the Egyptian pyramids, it remained the tallest human-made structure for over 3,800 years and is the only surviving Wonder of the Ancient World.
Ancient World
Diary of Merer: Oldest Papyri and the Building of Giza
The papyri gave the first eyewitness account of logistics behind the Great Pyramid and are the oldest inscribed papyri yet found.
Ancient World
Pyramid of Menkaure: The Third and Smallest Pyramid of Giza
The third pyramid of Giza was completed on a smaller scale, with temples finished by Menkaure's successor and a rich set of royal statues.
Ancient World
Great Sphinx of Giza: History, Builder and Mysteries
The largest monolithic statue of the ancient world, carved from the Giza bedrock and still a defining symbol of Egypt.
Ancient World
Mohenjo-daro: Great Bath and Planned City of the Indus Valley
Mohenjo-daro became the best-known city of the Indus Valley Civilisation and, in 1980, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ancient World
Kerma Kingdom: The First Great Nubian State on the Nile
Kerma grew into the most powerful state in Africa south of Egypt before Egyptian New Kingdom armies destroyed it around 1500 BC.
Ancient World
Abusir Pyramids and Sun Temples of Egypt's Fifth Dynasty
Abusir became the main royal burial ground of the Fifth Dynasty, with smaller pyramids, sun temples to Ra and the oldest surviving temple archives.
Ancient World
Palermo Stone: Ancient Egypt's Earliest Royal Annals
The surviving fragments preserve the oldest known year-by-year royal annals of Egypt, a key source for early Egyptian chronology.
Ancient World
Stele of the Vultures: Lagash Victory over Umma in Sumer
Eannatum defeated Umma, restored Lagash's claim to the Gu-edena and imposed a border sworn by oaths to the gods.
Ancient World
Ebla Archives: The Royal Tablets of an Early Syrian Kingdom
The largest third-millennium archive found in Syria, revealing an unknown Semitic language and a major kingdom outside Mesopotamia.