Middle Ages
Nagarakretagama (1365): Majapahit's Royal Chronicle Poem
The poem became the most important single written source for the Majapahit kingdom and 14th-century Java.
Era · c. 500 – 1500
Middle Ages
Kingdoms, crusades and plagues: the medieval world from the end of the Western Roman Empire to the fall of Constantinople.
Middle Ages
Hongwu Emperor and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty (1368)
Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty, expelled the Yuan court from China and built an autocratic state that lasted until 1644.
Middle Ages
Treaty of Stralsund (1370): The Hanseatic League Defeats Denmark
Denmark confirmed the towns' trading privileges, handed over four Scanian fortresses for fifteen years and accepted Hanseatic influence over the royal succession.
Middle Ages
Ming Haijin Sea Ban (1371): China Closes Its Coasts to Trade
Private overseas trade was outlawed and foreign commerce limited to official tribute missions, encouraging smuggling and piracy until the ban was eased in 1567.
Middle Ages
Battle of Maritsa (1371): Ottoman Victory Over the Serbs
Decisive Ottoman victory; both Serbian rulers were killed, and the lords of Macedonia and Bulgaria soon became Ottoman vassals.
Middle Ages
Zeami and the Birth of Noh Theatre in Muromachi Japan (1374)
Shogunal patronage turned Kan'ami's sarugaku troupe into the leading company in Kyoto, and Zeami refined its art into the classical Noh drama still performed today.
Middle Ages
Catalan Atlas (1375): Mansa Musa on a Medieval European Map
The atlas became one of the most important medieval world maps, giving Europeans a vivid image of West African gold and of Asia.
Middle Ages
Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah (1377): A New Science of History
Ibn Khaldun produced a theoretical introduction to history that analysed society, politics and economics, now regarded as a founding work of social science.
Middle Ages
Jikji (1377): The Oldest Book Printed With Metal Movable Type
Jikji became the oldest surviving book printed with movable metal type; its only known copy is held by the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
Middle Ages
Ciompi Revolt (1378): Florence's Wool Workers Rise Up
The workers briefly won guild rights and places in government, but their guild was crushed within weeks and the remaining reforms were reversed in 1382 as an oligarchy took control.
Middle Ages
Western Schism (1378-1417): When Rival Popes Divided Europe
The Council of Constance removed or accepted the resignation of all three claimants and elected Martin V in 1417, ending the schism but leaving a lasting debate over papal and conciliar authority.
Middle Ages
Hu Weiyong Case (1380): The Hongwu Emperor's Great Purge
The Secretariat and the office of chancellor were abolished, the six ministries were placed directly under the emperor, and purges linked to the case killed an estimated 30,000 people.