Middle Ages
Battle of Kulikovo (1380): Dmitry Donskoy Defeats Mamai
Muscovite-led victory over Mamai's army; Mamai's power collapsed, but Moscow remained under Golden Horde overlordship after Tokhtamysh sacked the city in 1382.
Era · c. 500 – 1500
Middle Ages
Kingdoms, crusades and plagues: the medieval world from the end of the Western Roman Empire to the fall of Constantinople.
Middle Ages
Peasants' Revolt (1381): Wat Tyler and the March on London
The rising was suppressed and Richard II's promises to end serfdom were revoked, but no further poll tax of this kind was attempted for centuries and serfdom continued to decline.
Middle Ages
Wycliffe Bible and the Lollards: The First Full English Bible
The Wycliffite Bible circulated widely in manuscript despite a ban on unlicensed translation, while Wycliffe's Lollard followers were persecuted as heretics until the Reformation.
Middle Ages
Jadwiga of Poland: The Girl Crowned King of Poland in 1384
Jadwiga reigned as monarch of Poland in her own right; her marriage to Jogaila created the Polish-Lithuanian union and the Jagiellonian dynasty.
Middle Ages
Union of Krewo (1385): How Poland and Lithuania Joined Forces
Jogaila agreed to marry Jadwiga, convert Lithuania to Catholic Christianity and attach his lands to Poland, creating a lasting Polish-Lithuanian union.
Middle Ages
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales: Pilgrims, Stories and Middle English
Chaucer left a collection of 24 tales within a pilgrimage frame that became a founding work of English literature.
Middle Ages
Battle of Kosovo (1389): Prince Lazar and Sultan Murad I Fall
Tactically inconclusive with heavy losses on both sides and both rulers killed, but Serbia was left exhausted and soon became an Ottoman vassal.
Middle Ages
Kingdom of Kongo: Founding of a Central African State (c. 1390)
A centralised kingdom emerged south of the lower Congo River and became one of the largest states of Central Africa.
Middle Ages
Joseon Dynasty Founded (1392): Yi Seong-gye Remakes Korea
The Goryeo dynasty ended and Yi Seong-gye became the first king of Joseon, which ruled Korea until 1897 and lasted as a state until 1910.
Middle Ages
Gyeongbokgung Palace (1395): Seoul's First Joseon Royal Palace
Joseon's new capital gained its principal palace, which served as the seat of government until 1592 and was rebuilt in the 1860s.
Middle Ages
Battle of Nicopolis (1396): Sigismund's Crusade Crushed
Decisive Ottoman victory; the crusader army was destroyed and Ottoman control of the Balkans was confirmed.
Middle Ages
Kinkaku-ji (1397): Ashikaga Yoshimitsu's Golden Pavilion
Yoshimitsu's Kitayama villa, centred on a gilded pavilion, became the Zen temple Rokuon-ji; the pavilion survived until an arson attack in 1950 and was rebuilt in 1955.