Modern Era
November Uprising (1830-1831): Poland Rises Against Russia
Russia crushed the uprising, abolished the Kingdom of Poland's constitution and army, and thousands of Poles went into exile in the Great Emigration.
Era · c. 1800 – 1945
Modern Era
Industry, science and global conflict: the century and a half that built the modern world.
Modern Era
Belgian Revolution (1830): Birth of an Independent Belgium
Belgium broke away from the Netherlands, became an independent constitutional monarchy under Leopold I in 1831 and was recognised by the Dutch in 1839.
Modern Era
July Revolution (1830): The Three Glorious Days in Paris
Charles X abdicated and went into exile; Louis-Philippe of Orléans became King of the French, founding the July Monarchy.
Modern Era
French Conquest of Algeria (1830-1847): Invasion and Resistance
France captured Algiers in 1830 and, after a long and destructive war, forced the surrender of Abd al-Qadir in 1847, making Algeria a French colony.
Modern Era
Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831): The Southampton Slave Revolt
The revolt was crushed within two days; around 55-60 white people and many more Black people were killed, and Southern states passed harsher slave codes.
Modern Era
Trail of Tears: Forced Removal of Native Nations, 1830s
Around 60,000 people of the Five Tribes were forced west of the Mississippi; thousands died on the journeys and in the camps.
Modern Era
McCormick Reaper (1831): Mechanising the American Grain Harvest
The horse-drawn reaper cut grain many times faster than hand tools and, after a slow start, became the basis of a large farm-machinery business centred on Chicago.
Modern Era
Voyage of HMS Beagle (1831-1836): Darwin Sails the World
The Beagle completed its hydrographic survey and a chain of measurements around the globe, while Darwin's collections and observations led him to the idea of evolution by natural selection.
Modern Era
Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction (1831): Birth of the Dynamo
Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction and built the first electric generator, laying the scientific basis for dynamos, transformers and electric power.
Modern Era
Great Reform Act 1832: Reshaping the British Parliament
The Representation of the People Act 1832 redistributed seats to industrial towns and set a uniform borough franchise, enlarging the electorate of England and Wales by around half.
Modern Era
Slavery Abolition Act 1833: Ending Slavery in the British Empire
Slavery was abolished in most of the British Empire from 1 August 1834, followed by an apprenticeship system that ended in 1838, with 20 million pounds paid to slave owners.
Modern Era
Tolpuddle Martyrs (1834): Dorset Farm Workers Transported
The six men were sentenced to seven years' transportation; after mass protests they were pardoned in 1836 and returned to England between 1837 and 1839.