Region
Soviet victory; the German Operation Citadel failed, and Soviet counter-offensives retook Orel, Belgorod and Kharkov, giving the Red Army the strategic initiative for the rest of the war.
The uprising was crushed and the ghetto razed; tens of thousands of Jews were killed on the spot or deported to camps, but the revolt inspired resistance elsewhere.
Germany kept strong forces in the Pas-de-Calais and Norway during and after the Normandy landings, helping the Allied invasion succeed.
German E-boats sank two landing ships and damaged others; around 750 US servicemen died, but the Normandy invasion plans were not compromised.
Allied failure; the bridges up to Nijmegen were taken, but the British 1st Airborne Division was destroyed at Arnhem and the Rhine was not crossed.
The German garrison surrendered on 25 August 1944 and Paris was restored to French control under de Gaulle's provisional government.
German victory: the uprising was crushed after 63 days, up to 200,000 civilians died, the population was expelled and most of the city was destroyed.
Failure: Hitler survived with minor injuries, the coup collapsed within hours, and thousands of suspects were arrested and many executed.
Decisive Soviet victory: Germany's Army Group Centre was largely destroyed and the Red Army advanced some 500–600 km to the Vistula and the borders of East Prussia.
Allied success at heavy cost: the landing failed to outflank the Gustav Line quickly, but the beachhead held and its breakout in May 1944 helped open the way to Rome.
Allied victory after four battles: the Gustav Line was broken in May 1944, opening the road to Rome, at a heavy cost in lives and the destruction of the abbey.
Allied victory: the German offensive was halted short of the River Meuse and pushed back, costing Germany reserves it could not replace.
