Ancient World
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (c. 353 BC): Tomb of King Mausolus
The tomb became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and gave the word 'mausoleum' to many languages.
Region
Europe
Ancient World
Battersea Shield: Iron Age Celtic Art from the River Thames
The shield facing became one of the best-known masterpieces of Iron Age Celtic art in Britain, probably deposited in the river as an offering.
Ancient World
Tovsta Mohyla Pectoral: Masterpiece of Scythian Gold
The pectoral became a national treasure of Ukraine and is kept in the Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine in Kyiv.
Ancient World
Samnite Wars (343-290 BC): Rome's Struggle for Central Italy
Rome defeated the Samnites and their allies and emerged as the dominant power in peninsular Italy.
Ancient World
Theatre of Epidaurus (c. 340 BC): Greek Theatre of Perfect Sound
The best-preserved ancient Greek theatre, still used for performances and celebrated for its acoustics.
Ancient World
Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC): Philip II Conquers Greece
Decisive Macedonian victory; Philip II became master of mainland Greece and organised the League of Corinth under his leadership.
Ancient World
Royal Tombs of Aegae (Vergina): The Tomb of Philip II (336 BC)
The discovery of richly furnished, unlooted Macedonian royal tombs confirmed Vergina as Aegae, though the identity of the man in Tomb II is still debated.
Ancient World
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC): Conquests of Macedon's King
Alexander conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire and reached the Indus, but his empire split among his generals after his death in 323 BC.
Ancient World
Aristotle and the Lyceum (335 BC): Founding Western Science
Aristotle's school became a centre of research and teaching whose writings shaped philosophy and science for some 2,000 years.
Ancient World
Battle of the Granicus (334 BC): Alexander's First Asian Victory
Macedonian victory; the Persian satraps' army was destroyed and western Asia Minor lay open to Alexander.
Ancient World
Siege of Tyre (332 BC): Alexander Builds a Causeway to the Island
Tyre was taken by storm; thousands were killed or enslaved and the island was permanently joined to the mainland by Alexander's causeway.
Ancient World
Wars of the Diadochi (322-281 BC): Alexander's Generals at War
Alexander's empire broke apart permanently; the Ptolemaic, Seleucid and Antigonid dynasties emerged as the main Hellenistic kingdoms.