Ancient World
Battle of Vercellae (101 BC): Marius Destroys the Cimbri
Decisive Roman victory; the Cimbri were destroyed as a people on the move and the Cimbrian threat to Italy ended.
Region
Europe
Ancient World
Social War (91-88 BC): Rome's Italian Allies Revolt
Rome defeated the rebels militarily but granted Roman citizenship to almost all free communities of Italy south of the Po.
Ancient World
Sulla's March on Rome (88 BC): An Army Turns on the City
Sulla seized Rome, outlawed Marius and Sulpicius and kept the command against Mithridates, setting a precedent for civil war.
Ancient World
Sulla's Dictatorship (82-79 BC): Proscriptions and Reforms
Sulla ruled as dictator, killed or ruined hundreds to thousands of opponents and passed reforms strengthening the Senate, most of which were reversed within a decade.
Ancient World
Spartacus and the Third Servile War (73-71 BC): Slave Revolt
The revolt was crushed by Crassus in 71 BC; Spartacus died in battle and about 6,000 captured rebels were crucified along the Appian Way.
Ancient World
Pompey's War Against the Pirates (67 BC): Clearing the Seas
Roman victory; piracy in the Mediterranean was broken within months and Pompey gained the prestige that won him the war against Mithridates.
Ancient World
Catiline Conspiracy (63 BC): Cicero Against Catiline
The plot was crushed; five conspirators were executed in Rome without trial and Catiline died in battle at Pistoria in early 62 BC.
Ancient World
First Triumvirate (60 BC): Caesar, Pompey and Crassus
The three men controlled Roman politics through the 50s BC; the alliance ended with Crassus's death in 53 BC, leaving Caesar and Pompey as rivals.
Ancient World
Caesar's Gallic Wars (58-50 BC): The Roman Conquest of Gaul
Roman victory; all of Gaul between the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Rhine came under Roman rule, at enormous human cost.
Ancient World
Caesar's Invasions of Britain (55-54 BC): Rome Crosses the Sea
Caesar won battles and imposed hostages and tribute but left no garrison; Britain was not conquered until the Roman invasion of AD 43.
Ancient World
Siege of Alesia (52 BC): Caesar Defeats Vercingetorix
Decisive Roman victory; the Gallic relief army was routed, Vercingetorix surrendered and the great revolt of 52 BC collapsed.
Ancient World
Caesar Crosses the Rubicon (49 BC): The Die Is Cast
Caesar entered Italy with an army against the Senate's orders, starting a civil war that ended the Roman Republic's traditional order.