Region
Paracelsus's challenge to ancient authority caused a scandal and he fled Basel within a year, but his chemical approach to medicine later shaped iatrochemistry and pharmacology.
Spain gave up its claim to the Moluccas (Spice Islands) to Portugal for 350,000 ducats, and a demarcation line was drawn in the Pacific east of the islands.
Wolsey was charged with praemunire, surrendered the Great Seal and was replaced by Thomas More; arrested for treason in 1530, he died before trial.
The garrison repulsed every assault and the Ottoman army withdrew; Vienna remained in Habsburg hands.
The reformers agreed on 14 of 15 Marburg Articles but could not agree on Christ's presence in the Lord's Supper, so no united Protestant front emerged.
The Lutheran estates set out their faith before the emperor; Catholic theologians rejected it and the confession became the basic creed of Lutheranism.
Victory for the five Catholic cantons; Zwingli was killed and the Second Peace of Kappel halted the spread of Protestantism in the Confederation.
Cartier mapped the St Lawrence and established France's claim to Canada, but his attempted colony of 1541-1543 failed.
The besieging army of the prince-bishop took the city in June 1535; the Anabaptist leaders were executed in January 1536 and their bodies displayed in cages on St Lambert's Church.
England rejected papal authority and Parliament recognised the king as Supreme Head of the Church of England, opening the way to the English Reformation.
More was convicted of treason for denying the king's supremacy over the Church and beheaded; he was canonised as a Catholic saint in 1935.
New Spain became the richest and most populous part of the Spanish Empire, governed from Mexico City until Mexican independence in 1821.
