Modern Era
Ørsted Discovers Electromagnetism (1820): Compass Meets Current
Ørsted showed that an electric current produces a magnetic effect, founding the science of electromagnetism.
Region
Europe
Modern Era
Greek War of Independence (1821-1829): Freedom From the Ottomans
Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire, recognised by the great powers in 1830 and established as a kingdom in 1832.
Prehistory
Iguanodon: Gideon Mantell and the Discovery of the Sussex Teeth
Mantell named Iguanodon in 1825, making it the second dinosaur to be scientifically named and the first recognised as a plant-eater.
Prehistory
Megalosaurus (1824): William Buckland Names the First Dinosaur
Megalosaurus became the first dinosaur genus to be scientifically named and one of the three founding members of Richard Owen's Dinosauria in 1842.
Modern Era
Decembrist Revolt (1825): Officers Against the Russian Tsar
The revolt was crushed by artillery on the same day; five leaders were hanged and more than a hundred exiled to Siberia.
Modern Era
Stockton and Darlington Railway (1825): Steam Goes Public
The line proved that a public railway using steam locomotives could carry goods profitably and became the model for the railway age.
Modern Era
Niépce's First Photograph (1826): View from the Window at Le Gras
Niépce produced the oldest surviving photograph taken with a camera, proving that a lasting image of nature could be fixed by light.
Modern Era
Battle of Navarino (1827): Last Great Battle of Sailing Ships
Decisive allied victory; most of the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet was destroyed, ensuring the survival of an independent Greece.
Modern Era
Catholic Emancipation (1829): Daniel O'Connell's Victory
The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 allowed Catholics to sit in Parliament and hold most public offices, while the Irish county franchise was sharply restricted.
Modern Era
Rainhill Trials (1829): Stephenson's Rocket Wins the Race
Rocket was the only locomotive to complete the trials, won the £500 prize and persuaded the directors to run the Liverpool and Manchester Railway with steam locomotives.
Modern Era
November Uprising (1830-1831): Poland Rises Against Russia
Russia crushed the uprising, abolished the Kingdom of Poland's constitution and army, and thousands of Poles went into exile in the Great Emigration.
Modern Era
Belgian Revolution (1830): Birth of an Independent Belgium
Belgium broke away from the Netherlands, became an independent constitutional monarchy under Leopold I in 1831 and was recognised by the Dutch in 1839.