Modern Era
July Revolution (1830): The Three Glorious Days in Paris
Charles X abdicated and went into exile; Louis-Philippe of Orléans became King of the French, founding the July Monarchy.
Region
Europe
Modern Era
French Conquest of Algeria (1830-1847): Invasion and Resistance
France captured Algiers in 1830 and, after a long and destructive war, forced the surrender of Abd al-Qadir in 1847, making Algeria a French colony.
Modern Era
Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction (1831): Birth of the Dynamo
Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction and built the first electric generator, laying the scientific basis for dynamos, transformers and electric power.
Modern Era
Great Reform Act 1832: Reshaping the British Parliament
The Representation of the People Act 1832 redistributed seats to industrial towns and set a uniform borough franchise, enlarging the electorate of England and Wales by around half.
Modern Era
Slavery Abolition Act 1833: Ending Slavery in the British Empire
Slavery was abolished in most of the British Empire from 1 August 1834, followed by an apprenticeship system that ended in 1838, with 20 million pounds paid to slave owners.
Modern Era
Tolpuddle Martyrs (1834): Dorset Farm Workers Transported
The six men were sentenced to seven years' transportation; after mass protests they were pardoned in 1836 and returned to England between 1837 and 1839.
Modern Era
Queen Victoria's Accession (1837): The Start of an Era
Eighteen-year-old Victoria succeeded her uncle William IV, began a reign of more than 63 years and ended the personal union of the British and Hanoverian crowns.
Modern Era
Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraph (1837): Britain's First Line
The needle telegraph became the first commercial electric telegraph, used first on railways and then for public messages across Britain.
Modern Era
Analytical Engine (1837): Babbage, Ada Lovelace and Computing
The Analytical Engine was never completed, but its design anticipated the main parts of the modern computer, and Lovelace's notes included the first published algorithm intended for such a machine.
Modern Era
Chartist Movement (1838): Britain's Mass Fight for the Vote
All three national petitions were rejected by Parliament, but five of the Charter's six points later became law between 1858 and 1918.
Modern Era
Daguerreotype (1839): Daguerre Gives Photography to the World
The French state bought the process and published it, launching photography as a worldwide practice and a commercial portrait industry.
Modern Era
First Opium War (1839-1842): Britain, China and the Opium Trade
British victory; the Treaty of Nanking ceded Hong Kong, opened five treaty ports and began the era of unequal treaties.